The United States has held strong national interest in Panama since the 1840s. This interest was demonstrated by the building of the Panama Canal, its ensuing operation, and numerous military interventions into Panama concluding with Operation Just...
Panama began its modern history as a semi-colonial appendage of the United States (US). Since gaining independence in 1903, Panama witnessed both elitist quasi-democratic governments and authoritarian populist governments. The oligarchic system in...
This monograph examines the legacy that has been passed down from the personal recollections made by the Commanders-in-Chief, U.S. Southern Command regarding planning and/or execution of full spectrum operations in Panama. The focus of this paper...
This monograph looks at the complexity, dynamic nature, and challenges associated with Command and Control ( C2) in Stability and Support Operations (SASO). Since its inception, the Army has been conducting SASO in both foreign and domestic...
Thesis Statement: Turning over the Panama Canal has been a positive action for the countries of Panama and the United States.
The quest for a route to connect the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans through Central America has been a vision since the...
This monograph describes the stability phase of Operation Just Cause and its associated intelligence operations. It focuses on the intelligence aspects of the operation to answer the question: Does military doctrine adequately address tactical...
This monograph describes the history of the planning and execution of Operation JUST CAUSE. It focuses on the operation's relationship to the theory and doctrine of operational art to answer the question: Was Operation JUST CAUSE an application of...
This is the annual report of the governor of the Panama Canal for 1923. The document addresses canal operations and trade via Panama (traffic, water supply, accidents, salvage operations, etc.). The second section discusses general business...
The U.S. Armed Forces has a long and rich history of expeditionary operations followed by military disengagements. A historically small U.S. military is repeating this history today in two wars that are stretching it to the limits of its personnel...
This is the annual report of the governor of the Panama Canal for 1922. The document includes sections on canal operations and trade via Panama, business operations, government, administration, and financial and statistical statements.
The contemporary operational environment includes a host of variables that make the management of post-conflict transitions a challenge. Constructing the optimal management organization is a key component of successful post-conflict transition....
This is the annual report of the governor of the Panama Canal for 1921. The document includes four sections detailing the canal operation and trade via Panama, business operations, government, administration, and financial and statistical...
With the exception of Cuba, US-Latin American relations do not have the specter of Communist influence in the hemisphere distorting the thrust of foreign policy. What does remain is the threat of crises that endangers the viability of the fledgling...
This monograph examines the question of interagency action at the operational level by analyzing the case of Panama from 1987 to 1990. It asks the question: Does the United States have the ability to integrate the actions of Federal Agencies at the...
Cole, Ronald H.; Historical Division Joint Secretariat Joint Staff
This study traces the involvement of the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Joint Staff in the planning, direction, and execution of JUST CAUSE, the combat operations in Panama in December 1989. The study begins with development of...
Operation JUST CAUSE was the final result of a two year effort to remove General Manuel Noriega, Commander of the Panama Defense Force (PDF) and de-facto ruler, from power after his indictment in the United States on drug-trafficking charges. The...
This study investigates the challenges of planning stability operations following major combat operations. Post-conflict stability operations are difficult to plan and execute if military commanders and campaign planners do not take a comprehensive...
This monograph examines interagency (IA) coordination in executing US foreign policy. The analysis demonstrates that the current IA apparatus is flawed. The system is plagued by lack of oversight and authority to compel compliance. Examining the...
This monograph argues that the Army's focus on fighting and winning wars often obscures the equally important mission of winning the peace. In the chaos that generally follows battle, the most potent policy instrument of the government is usually...
This study analyzes the provision of tactical and strategic communications in support of Joint Task Force South (JTF-South) during Operation Just Cause, the American invasion of Panama during the period 20 Dec. 89-12 Jan 90. The study presents a...