The United States has attempted for several decades to assist in the modernization of armies in the Middle East. These armies are rich in tradition and heritage of medieval and pre-modern Islamic armies. Islamic armies possess an ability to...
Islam arose out of a cataclysmic change in society and economics in the Arabian Peninsula during the early seventh century. The adherents of the new religion immediately launched a campaign against the Byzantine Empire, the military, cultural and...
The study reviews the Battle of Hattin to determine why the army of the Crusaders was decisively defeated. The Battle of Hattin was one of the most critical battles of the Middle Ages. The battle resulted in the virtual destruction of the Crusader...
Modern military leaders require solid information, with broad background knowledge, to operate in some of the world's most complex cultures. In the Balkan Peninsula, the overlapping demands of religion, ethnic loyalties, and selfish power-politics...
The Medieval Crusades have fundamentally shaped the Christian and Muslim world for almost a thousand years. The First Crusade was the start of the crusading period and as such, is the critical historical event that defines the relationship between...
Since the death of the Prophet Mohammad sectarian violence has existed in the Middle East. This monograph details the history of the Sunni - Shia split and explains the origins of the violence still present today. This conflict presents...
Islamic fundamentalism and Jihad are terms which have become prominent over the last two decades but are frequently misunderstood as concepts. Fundamentalism essentially means reviving Islam with its original pure principles as outlined by Mohammad...
McKinney, Leonard L; Office of the Chief of the Chemical Corps, Historical Office
This is an account of flame thrower employment and the numerous problems involved. The volume purports to present: a survey of flame warfare prior to World War II; a brief account of the flame weapons developed by both allied and enemy powers...
This thesis is a case study on ethics within war. The thirteenth century Albigensian Crusade was a war against a heretical religious ideology known as Catharism whose tenets threatened the social order of Europe. The campaign took place in...
The Ottoman Empire is often portrayed as a bloodthirsty Empire bent on conquering Europe and opposing the great European powers of its time through its military strength. From its beginnings in the thirteenth century the Ottoman Empire expanded its...
The response of U.S. foreign policy to the volatile rise of global jihadism in the wake of the 9/11 attacks has been sweeping and multifaceted. One key pillar of U.S. strategic response has been the active promotion of Western representative...
This monograph examines the use of Foreign Internal Defense (FID) and Unconventional Warfare (UW) as the primary means of preventing global insurgency. The paper is broken into four sections. The History section gives a basic background of Special...
This paper demonstrates how a better understanding of culture can lend itself to a better understanding of meaning in discourse between two cultures who operate across a linguistic barrier. The paper falls under the tradition of cultural...
Human intelligence (HUMINT), which is the oldest of the intelligence disciplines, has through the course of the twentieth century, been less emphasized by the U.S. Army relative to the technical disciplines of signals intelligence (SIGINT) and...
As the U.S. Army embraces AirLand Battle doctrine, the tactical counterattack becomes increasingly significant as a key component of a defensive-offensive. This study examines the theoretical relevance of the counterattack by Carl von Clausewitz,...
Few insurgencies are resolved by military means alone. Insurgents, by definition, pursue political ends and resolve to accomplish those objectives by means of violence. Today the United States and her Allies are engaged in two distinct...
Over an astonishing history dating back more than seven thousand years, Egypt maintained an advanced and relevant military force. This experience gave guidance for developing ways of war that were decisive in assuring victory in some of the most...
This document includes information regarding the development of flame weapons by both allied and enemy powers, their characteristics, what quantities were available, fuel development, the employment in various theaters where American troops were...
Fighting identity: why we are losing our wars. Michael Vlahos; Our enemies understand that "it is in the living of war's mythic passage" that identity will be truly realized. We, for our part, blunder blindly on, fitting ourselves to their...