The process of amnesty, reconciliation, and reintegration (AR2) is typically regarded as a post-conflict process. In South Africa AR2 occurred before hostilities between government security forces and opposition groups developed into a civil war....
The United States' post-9/11 global strategy demonstrates an interest in Africa that contrasts with decades of relative indifference. The 2006 National Security Strategy has stated the United States' commitment to promote security, stability,...
This monograph evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of Chinese foreign policy towards Africa, discusses the history of engagement of the People's Republic of China with the African continent, and examines the implications of this relationship in...
The end of the Cold War changed the international security environment. It created an international environment plagued by wide spread human rights violations, the proliferation of violence, and an increase in the potential use of weapons of mass...
Following the period from 1957-1960, when most countries in West Africa broke loose from colonialism and became independent, the need for an integrated and classless society was one of paramount concern to most, if not all, West Africans. Up to...
Africa remains the least developed continent in the world. The dismal state of the continent's economic and political development underscores the myriad problems now afflicting most of the continent's states. There have been many attempts to solve...
The rise in the number of intra-state conflicts, following the end of the Cold War, and the reluctance of traditional extra regional actors to intervene, have thrust upon the region the onus of resolving its own conflicts. This determination to...
In recent years, global players such as the United States, the European Union (EU) and the People's Republic of China (PRC) have noted Africa's growing strategic importance to their respective interests. Among those interests is the increasing...
Up until the 1960s the grip and influence of colonial Europe all but covered the continent of Africa. One by one African countries began the long, difficult struggle of breaking this grip and moved, often violently, toward independence....
Africa has recently become strategically important to the US and China, mainly for economic reasons. The US and China, the leading consumers of oil in the world, have devised strategies to secure and expand their interests, especially the quest for...
The purpose of this monograph is to examine the use of indigenous surrogates by both the Republic of South Africa and Rhodesia in Southern Africa's Bush Wars from 1975 to 1989. The Bush Wars are of significance because the use of surrogates in each...
Since President Bush's announcement establishing AFRICOM, the Office of Secretary of Defense, the State Department, and European Command (EUCOM) began the initial planning of Africa Command (AFRICOM). As of October 1, 2007, the United States...
This monograph discusses the adequacy of emerging concepts for the doctrine, organization, and materiel of light armor forces in the U.S. Army. The U.S. Army is currently developing new light armor organizations and procuring a modern light armor...
There is no region of this world that not experienced wars, but while many parts of the world have moved towards greater political and economic stability and co-operation, sub-Saharan Africa remains a cauldron of instability and economic...
As the world's strategic environment continues to change, the need for forces trained and equipped to conduct peace operations increases. The United States recognizes that the maintenance of peace and stability throughout the world supports its...
The Republic of Mali since 1961 has been experiencing insurgency carried out by an ethnic group called Touareg in its northern regions, lying in the Sahara valley. That situation has significantly impaired the security, stability and development of...
The current National Security Strategy is supposed to be the means by which the Nation expresses its fundamental national security goals, identifies national interests, and matches these interests with the necessary tools to implement the strategy...
While in the past two decades, the region of West Africa has experienced various armed conflicts, a new security threat that has emerged is the growing threat of violence by radical Islamist groups. This phenomenon has assumed prominence in the...
War, diplomacy and economic sanctions are three cornerstones of strategy that have, in the past, successfully coerced rogue regimes to capitulate. However, it may be time to look beyond these persuasion techniques and develop a new method that can...
This monograph examines why Great Britain and her allies proved unable to subjugate German forces in East Africa during World War I despite their significant advantages in personnel and material. Great Britain proved unable to subjugate German...